First, Eddy, I am not a mathematician at all.
My academic training in college was in European languages and history. My first real job was as a computer programmer; coding is a quasi-mathematical language. My training in graduate school was in economics, which involves some math. So I picked up basic mathematics along the way, particularly at my prep school, which focused almost exclusively on languages and math.
Now I do not know anything about the site you referenced, but what they are showing is not the standard presentation of a geometric series. The standard presentation looks like this.
[math]w + rw + r^2w + \ … \ r^nw = w + w * \sum_{k=1}^n r^k = w * \sum_{k=0}^n r^k.[/math]
Notice this has n + 1 terms and does not start with r. We can of course have a special case where w = r. It looks as though that special case is what is going on in the (1/2) + (1/4) + (1/8) example.
I prefer the standard presentation because it leads to this formula.
[math]r \ne 1, n \ge 2, \text { and } t = w * \sum_{k=0} r^k.[/math]
[math]\therefore rt = w * \sum_{k=0}^n r^{(k+1)} = \left (w * \sum_{k=1}^{(n-1)} r^k \right ) + wr^{(n+1)}.[/math]
And we can restate t as
[math]t = w * r^0 + \left ( w * \sum_{k=1}^n \right ) = w + \left ( w * \sum_{k=1}^n r^k \right ).[/math]
[math]\therefore t - rt = w + \left ( w * \sum_{k=1}^n r^k \right ) - \left \{ \left (w * \sum_{k=1}^n r^k \right ) + wr^{(n+1)} \right \} = w- wr^{(n+1)} = w(1 - r^{(n+1)}.) [/math]
[math]\text {And } t - rt = t(1 - r).
[math]\therefore t = w * \dfrac{1 - r^{(n+1)}}{1 - r} \text { because } r \ne 1..[/math] ....[edited............was missing the 'w']
Once you understand HOW the formula is derived, you will understand WHEN to use it properly.