With respect to the second problem, let's take an example and work it through
[MATH]a = 4,\ b = 3, \text { and } c = 5 \implies c - b = 2 \text { and } c + b = 8.[/MATH]
[MATH]log_{8}(4) + log_{2}(4) = log_2(4) + \dfrac{log_2(4)}{\log_2(8)} = 2 + \dfrac{2}{3} = \dfrac{8}{3}.[/MATH]
[MATH]2log_8(4) * log_2(4) = 2 * \dfrac{log_2(4)}{\log_2(8)} *log_2(4) = 2 * \dfrac{2}{3} * 2 = \dfrac{8}{3}.[/MATH]
The proposition is true in this case, which we found by using the change of base formula. So Dr. Peterson's suggestion has at least some promise.