The reason is, you can't square both sides and get 1+x.
\(\displaystyle 1+\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x+3}\)
You are right, square both sides. You just went about it incorrectly. Common mistake.
\(\displaystyle (1+\sqrt{x})(1+\sqrt{x})=x+3\)
\(\displaystyle x+2\sqrt{x}+1=x+3\)
\(\displaystyle 2\sqrt{x}=2\)
\(\displaystyle x=1\)