Re: scale factor?
First, you must decide if you wish to maintain the same shape.
18 x 6 for example, produces 18/6 = 3
12 x 4 produces 12/4 = 3. So, these two are the same shape and scaling should be simple.
26x20 produces 26/20 = 1.3 That's a WAY different ratio. Scaling will be difficult or you'll have to crop something.
From 18 to 12 requires a factor of 12/18 = 2/3. Of course, since the ratio was the same, 6*(2/3) = 4 and all it well.
You'll have to decide what to do with the 26x20 version. You may wish to scale to vertical only and crop the horizontal - or the other way around.