The grouping symbols Subhotosh mentions are parentheses around numerators and/or denominators which are polynomials with two or more terms.
EG:
5/x+1 means 5/x plus 1
5/(x + 1) means 5 over (x + 1)
In the former, the denominator is x. In the latter, the denominator is x + 1.
Grouping symbols make it clear what's in the numerator and what's in the denominator.