There is no such thing as "paridy" but I think you mean "parity". That typically refers to something being "even" or "odd". A function is said to be "even" if f(-x)= f(x) or "odd" if f(-x)= -f(x).. f(x)= sin(x) is odd because sin(-x)= -sin(x). Of course most functions are "neither" even nor odd. It is even possible for a function to be both even and odd! For example, if f(x)=0 for all x then it is true that f(-x)= 0= f(x) and that f(-x)= 0= -f(x).
A function, f(x)= y, maps some set, X, to some set Y. The set of all x values is the "domain". The set of all y values, the results of applying f to all values in the domain, is the "co-domain". Since sin(x) lies between (and including) -1 and 1, the codomain is [-1, 1] which is a standard notation for "all numbers from -1 to 1 including -1 and 1".