You multiply a number by a matrix by multiplying each number in the matrix:
\(\displaystyle N\begin{bmatrix}a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix} aN & bN \\ cN & dN\end{bmatrix}\).
You subtract (or add) matrices by subtracting (or adding) "corresponding" numbers in the two matrices:
\(\displaystyle \begin{bmatrix}a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}- \begin{bmatrix}u & v \\ w & x\end{bmatrix}= \begin{bmatrix}a- u & b- v \\ c- w & d- x \end{bmatrix}\(\displaystyle .\)\)
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