If you get a unique solution a=b=0, then f and g are linearly independent. That's the definition of linearly independent : \(\displaystyle v_1,v_2,...,v_n\) are linearly independent if and only if the system \(\displaystyle a_1v_1+a_2v_2+...+a_nv_n=0\) has only one solution \(\displaystyle a_1=a_2=...=a_n=0\).
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