Let [imath]A[/imath] be an [imath]m \times n[/imath] matrix. Which of the following must be true?

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Let [imath]A[/imath] be an [imath]m \times n[/imath] matrix. Which of the following must be true?

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Let [imath]A[/imath] be an [imath]m \times n[/imath] matrix. Which of the following must be true?


i.) If [imath]A\hat{x}=\hat{b}[/imath] is consistent for all [imath] \hat{b} \in \mathbb{R}^m[/imath], then rank(A) = n.

ii.) If [imath]A\hat{x}=0[/imath] has only trivial solution, then rank(A) = n

iii.) If rank(A)=n, then the rows of A form a linearly dependent set

iv.) If rank(A)=n, and A is square matrix, then A invertible




i.) So we have a non-square matrix, and we let m<n we will be guaranteed that we will have one column that spawns a free variable. Guaranteeing that we will be given consistency, as we can make that variable be whatever we need it to for consistency. But with a matrix m>n our matrix is tall, meaning we are not guaranteed a free variable. It is possible we get 0=1 in one of the rows.

ii.) If we have m<n then once again we are guaranteed a spawned free variable. Then we can't have only the trivial solution, as we are guaranteed an arbitrary value which we could morph into other solutions. If m>n then we are not guaranteed a free variable and will not see a free variable at full rank. At full rank for m>n our last leading 1 will need to equal 0 in order to stay consistent. So this one checks off.


iii.) To be linearly dependent, we need to have no free variables. In such case, we could create vectors from
 
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