I certainly do nopt recommed that you attempt to establish such rules. You will have to invent far, far too many and your head will explode. I would prefer that you get the concept of "like terms" stuck in your brain.
2*dog + 3*dog = 5*dog You aren't tempted to spell "dog" with two "g"s, are you?
3*(This is an object) - 1*(This is an object) = 2*(This is an object)
5*x + 6*x = 11*x -- Adding 5 things to six of the same things makes 11 of those things.
5*[y<sup>12</sup>] + 8*[y<sup>12</sup>] = 13*[y<sup>12</sup>] -- You had five and you added 8. Why would you mess with the exponent? The TERM is "y<sup>12</sup>", don't mess with it.
You can see that multipication is a little different.
[2*dog]*[3*dog] = 6*(dog)<sup>2</sup> -- I don't really know what a (dog)<sup>2</sup> is, but we are multiplying, so add the exponents.
5*[y<sup>12</sup>] * 8*[y<sup>12</sup>] = 40*[y<sup>24</sup>]
Adding - Just add the exponents. Don't mess with the "term."
Multiplying - Add the exponents.