You are aware, I hope, that [MATH]5\sqrt{2}[/MATH] is a scalar, not a vector.
Once you actually stated the problem, it became clear that you are asking about the horizontal and vertical components of a vector with that length, whose direction is a 45 degree angle from the horizontal.
The triangle you were told to draw has hypotenuse [MATH]5\sqrt{2}[/MATH], and is a right isosceles triangle. You should have learned about the ratio of the legs to the hypotenuse in such a triangle, from which the answer is almost immediate. But if not, what do you know about the relationship of the legs and the hypotenuse of a right triangle in terms of the sine and cosine?
If that's not enough, please tell us what you do know about vectors, so we can start there.