You'll need to carefully check everything here because I guess it could be expensive if the calculation is wrong.
I DO NOT guarantee that any of this is correct!
The following calculations use radians, NOT degrees. So set your calculator to radians.
For ONE ring let n be the number of panels used (and the final shape will be an n-sided polygon).
1) angle a = (n-2) * pi/n
2) angle b = a/2
3) c = ( w - h/tan(b) )/2, don't let this be negative. If calculating the inner ring where c=0, then cut the height of the board down to h = w*tan(b)
4) d = w - c
then...
INNER EDGE OF PANEL
Inscribed circle diameter = 2*c / tan(pi/n)
Circumscribed circle diameter = 2*c / sin(pi/n)
OUTER EDGE OF PANEL
Inscribed circle diameter = 2*d / tan(pi/n)
Circumscribed circle diameter = 2*d / sin(pi/n)
Much of this was taken from
this wikipedia page on regular polygons.
--
For your panels w=32, and h=20*12
OUTERMOST RING
n=106 gives OUTER Inscribed circle diameter of 1319.391 inches, c=12.442, d=19.558. So this doesn't quite make it to the 110ft (which is 1320 inches).
INNER circumscribed diameter 839.760
MIDDLE RING
n=59 gives OUTER Inscribed circle diameter of 840.401 inches, c=9.604, d=22.396
INNER circumscribed diameter 360.913
INNER RING
n=18 gives OUTER Inscribed circle diameter of 362.962, c=0, d=32, h=181.481
The math assumes there will be no material waste while cutting. And I think it would be quite a problem to work out what happens at the boundaries between the rings (it will NOT be as neat as the diagram in your post#3 since the "n" numbers aren't nice multiples of each other).