Centroids, and lots of them.

Assassin315

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Oct 26, 2010
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Huge multi-step problem here involving centroids. I looked up the basics of how they work, but I'm having difficulties starting this.

I just got done with multiple surface area of revolution problems, and this is the last part of the homework.

The problem opens by stating "The point (x-bar, y-bar) is called the centroid of the curve if its coordinates are defined by:"
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A) If the curve is said to be uniform, its centroid is its center of gravity. Determine the centroid of semicircle x^2 + y^2 = a^2, y >= 0.

B) In part A, let the curve be revolved around the x-axis. Show that the area of the surface of revolution equals the curve length times the distance traveled by the centroid on its trip around the x-axis.

C) Use the theorem proved in part B to find:
1) y-bar for the semicircular arc in part A.
2) the surface area of the torus (a doughnut) obtained by revolving the circle x^2 + (y-b)^2 = a^2, a =< b, about the x-axis.

Alright, so I can't do B and C without doing A, so I tried solving A... and failed. I got an x term (sqrt(a^2 + y^2)) and a y term (sqrt(a^2 + x^2)). I assume to find x-bar and y-bar, I take the integrals of x and y, find ds (how -- use something like sqrt(1+ (dy/dx)^2)?), and use something like sqrt(x^2 + y^2) as my curve length? Maybe? I'm kinda tired, so I'll try this more tomorrow, but I could use a few hints.
 
y=sqrt(a^2-x^2)

y' = -x/sqrt(a^2-x^2)

(y')^2 = x^2/(a^2-x^2)

Now you can find ds = sqrt(1+(y')^2)dx
 
Oh okay, so it's still basically the same process I was doing with surface area integration, at least with that part.

So let me make sure I have this correct for x-bar, for example: ds = sqrt(1+(x^2/(a^2-x^2))dx, and the integrals of ds and x both contain trigonometric functions where I can plug in some sort of trig identity to solve the integral? I assume everything works out rather nicely in the end, and I'll try it tomorrow if this is on the right track.

EDIT: Or, since the book specified curve length as the denominator, am I supposed to use something simpler?
 
Got part A. It took forever, but I got (x-bar, y-bar) = (0, 2a/pi), which I believe is correct.

Not too sure what they're asking in part B. Use surface area integrals (e.g. something like the integral of 2pi * y * sqrt(1+(dy/dx)^2)) and see if that equals the value of... er... the curve length found in part A multiplied by the radian measure of the distance traveled?

Starting these problems is so hard, but after that it doesn't seem to be all that terrible.
 
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