To avoid repetition, just assume that I have said what others have already said.
(1) We change the form of an expression to make it easier to work with or to understand. (See # 6 for elaboration.)
(2) Changing the form of an expression to make it easier to work with frequently but not always involves simplifying it. Changing the form to make it more understandable almost always involves simplifying it.
(3) Changing the form of an expression DOES NOT CHANGE its numeric value. It is important to understand this because when we get to changing an equation, which involves two expressions, we almost always change the numeric value of both expressions by an equal numeric amount.
(4) To simplify an expression, we use with very high frequency four of the field properties, which are generalizations of arithmetic facts.
(i) a + b = b + a and (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), meaning that changing the order in which we do addition does not change numeric value.
(ii) a * b = b * a and (a * b) * c = a * (b * c), meaning that changing the order in which we do multiplication does not change numeric value.
(iii) a * (b + c) = (a * b) + (a * c).
(iv) a - b - c - d = a - (b + c + d), meaning subtracting several numbers in succession gives the same value as subtracting the sum of those numbers.
(5) One of the simplest ways to simplify an expression is to gather like terms and reduce, which means to bring together all terms with the identical variable and sign, summarize the terms with like variable and sign, and net terms with the same variable.
Consider the following messy expression.
[MATH]4x - 9x + 2y + 3z - 13x + 4z + 2x - 9y - x - 5z + 17x[/MATH].
To simplify it, first gather like terms.
[MATH]4x - 9x + 2y + 3z - 13x + 4z + 2x - 9y - x - 5z + 17x =[/MATH]
[MATH](4x + 2x + 17x) - (9x + 13x + x) + 2y - 9y + (3z + 4z) - 5z =[/MATH]
[MATH]x(4 + 2 + 17) - x(9 + 13 + 1) + 2y - 9y + z(3 + 4) - 5z.[/MATH]
Next, summarize terms with a like variable and sign.
[MATH]x(4 + 2 + 17) - x(9 + 13 + 1) + 2y - 9y + z(3 + 4) - 5z =[/MATH]
[MATH]23x - 23x + 2y - 9y + 7z - 5z.[/MATH]
Finally, net terms with the same variable.
[MATH]23x - 23x + 2y - 9y + 7z - 5z = -7y + 2z = 2z - 7y.[/MATH]
Which is easier to understand, 4x - 9x + 2y + 3z - 13x + 4z + 2x - 9y - x - 5z + 17x or 2z - 7y?
The procedure is actually quite routine. Later you will learn to use shortcuts to make this routine quicker, but this is what simplifying expressions is basically about.