Hello, Melissa79!
To answer your question, he wants you to
multiply on a tree diagram.
If my professor said that and is a key word to remember "and" (not "or") when considering probabilities,
does that mean he wants me to add or multiply on a tree diagram?
Suppose: \(\displaystyle \;P(A)\,=\,\frac{2}{3},\;P(B)\,=\,\frac{1}{4}\)
And suppose A happens (or doesn't happen) first, then B.
The tree diagram looks like this:
Code:
*
/ \
/ \
2/3 / \ 1/3
/ \
/ \
A ~A
/ \ / \
1/4/ \3/4 1/4/ \3/4
/ \ / \
B ~B B ~B
The far-left branch is: \(\displaystyle \;P(A \cap B)\,=\,\frac{2}{3}\,\cdot\,\frac{1}{4}\,=\,\frac{1}{6}\)
. . That is, the probability that A happens <u>and</u> B happens is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}\).
The far-right branch is \(\displaystyle \;P(\~A \cap \~B)\,=\,\frac{1}{3}\,\cdot\,\frac{3}{4}\,=\,\frac{1}{4}\)
. . The probability that A does not happen <u>and</u> B does not happen is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}\).
Reading down the branches, those are "and" statements . . . hence, we multiply.