That's your basic exponent law.
When you divide exponents, you subtract the exponent.
\(\displaystyle \frac{2^{3}}{2^{1}}=2^{2}\)
That's because 3-1=2. See?. We subtracted the exponents when dividing
When multiplying, we add them:
\(\displaystyle 2^{3}\cdot 2^{1}=2^{4}\)
Because 3+1=4.
See now?.